Lack of dust makes China’s air pollution much worse

Airborne dust is normally seen as an environmental problem, but the lack of it is making air pollution over China considerably worse.

A new study suggests less dust means more solar radiation hits the land surface , which reduces wind speed.

That lack of wind in turn leads to an accumulation of air pollution over heavily populated parts of China.

The researchers found that reduced dust levels cause a 13% increase in human-made pollution in the region.

Hundreds of millions of people across China continue to be impacted by air pollution from factories and coal-fired power plants.

Studies suggest that the dirty air contributes to 1.6 million deaths a year, about 17% of all mortalities Malls in Hong Kong.

But this new research says that the human-induced pollution is being made worse or better by naturally occurring dust that blows in from the Gobi desert.

Using models to simulate 150 years of wind and dust patterns in the region, the researchers found that the dust deflects significant amounts of sunlight.

Without it, more heat from the Sun hits the land. Differences in the temperatures between land and sea cause the winds to blow. Without the dust, the land warms up more and that changes the temperature differential with the sea leading to weaker breezes - and more air pollution.

"There are two dust sources. One is the Gobi and the other is the highlands of north-west China, but we found the Gobi had much more influence," said lead author Yang Yang, from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Washington State, US.

"Less dust in the atmosphere causes more solar radiation to reach the surface. It weakens the temperature difference between the land and the sea and impacts the circulation of the winds and causes a stagnation over eastern China and that causes an accumulation of air pollution."

The decreases in dust emissions are considerable, varying by almost a third. The impact on winds speeds are quite small by comparison.

However, when this takes place on a large scale over a wide region, the small change in speed means a 13% increase in the amount of air pollution over eastern China during the winter.

Another study has recently shown a link between declining Arctic sea ice and a major air pollution event in China in 2013.

The authors of the new study believe that both theories could be true.

"Our study has the same mechanism: the weakening of winds causes more pollution, and what is behind this needs to be studied," said Yang Yang.

"We have two views on this kind of weakening of wind. They found the sea ice, we found the dust-wind interaction can also lead to weakening of the wind. I think both of them are important."

The researchers believe that the study may inform broader questions about how natural and human-created aerosols interact.

Many parts of the world, in addition to China, are now suffering from increased levels of air pollution and understanding how dust, winds and emissions work together may help limit some of the worst impacts of dirty air Juvederm.

One of the key lessons from this study is that the absence of dusty conditions could mean the air you are breathing is worse for you, not better.

"Dust emissions can impair visibility, but they are not so harmful in terms of air quality." said Prof Lynn Russell from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California.

"If it’s not a dusty year, you may be happy and spending more time outdoors because you don’t have this dust in the way, but you are actually going out to spend more time in more toxic air."

More schoolgirls involved in bullying in China

More middle school girls are getting involved in bullying and violence on campus, even as most underage boys remain suspect, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) said Wednesday.

Middle school students account for a higher percentage among underage suspects, said Shi Weizhong, deputy head of the SPP’s public prosecution department, at a press briefing on Wednesday. For example, nearly 80 percent of underage suspects charged in Lintong, Xi’an, Northwest China’s Shaanxi Province are middle school students travel deal.

Recent cases show men are the primary suspects in school bullying, but bullying cases involving female middle school students are rising, according to Shi. 99 percent of 915 underage suspects being prosecuted in the Guangdong Procuratorate are men.

Juveniles under 14 who cannot be criminally liable but are involved in bullying and violence on campus can be sent by the government to reeducation, Shi said.

Recent crimes of juveniles mainly involve physical harm, provoking trouble, robbery and public disturbance, said Shi. Cases of robbery and physical harm in Guangdong Procuratorates account for two-thirds of 510 prosecuted cases from 2013 to 2015.

Procuratorates in China have arrested over 1,100 people involved in 1,881 cases of school violence and bullying from January to November this year tourism management.

Bullying can be defined as behavior that causes physical and mental harm to students through body contact, language and online, according to the State Council.

The Real Meaning of Peace

There once was a king who offered a prize to the artist who would paint the best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all the pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them. One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful towering mountains all around it institute for tourism studies. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was an angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down the side of the mountain tumbled a foaming waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water dream beauty pro, sat the mother bird on her nest — in perfect peace.

Which picture do you think won the prize? The king chose the second picture. Do you know why?

“Because,” explained the king, “peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise hotel manager, trouble, or hard work. Peace means to be in the midst of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace."

A Guy's Guide to the Perfect Shave

For the closest shave, nothing beats a straight-edge razor. But if you don't know how to use one, you could get hurt you beauty hard sell. For the next best thing, try these tips from Javier Jaime of Paul Labrecque Gentleman's Salon and Barber Shop in New York:

Wash your face with an alcohol-free cleanser. 

Open pores by applying a hot towel to the face, or shave after a hot shower. 

Rub shaving cream in a circular, upward motion to lift hairs virtual office, so they're easier to cut. 

Go with the grain, moving from the side toward the nose, then to the chin. Next, go against the grain. Don't shave one area more than three times -- it irritates the skin. 

Finish with a splash of cold water, then alcohol-free aftershave Dream beauty pro. Replace a razor after three shaves. Rinse it in hot water after use and store upright, never facedown -- that helps bacteria grow.